Food Additives Explained: Which Ones Are Safe?
Over 10,000 additives are allowed in the U.S. food supply. Some are perfectly safe. Others are banned in other countries. Here's what the science actually says about the most common ones.
Preservatives
Sodium benzoate is one of the most common preservatives in acidic foods like soft drinks and salad dressings. On its own, it's generally recognized as safe (GRAS). However, when combined with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), it can form benzene — a known carcinogen. Check labels for products that contain both.
BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone) prevent fats from going rancid. While FDA-approved at low levels, some animal studies have raised concerns about long-term exposure. The EU requires warning labels on products containing these preservatives.
Artificial Colors
Red 40 (Allura Red AC) is the most widely used food dye in the United States. A 2007 study from the University of Southampton found links between artificial food colors and increased hyperactivity in children. The EU now requires warning labels on foods containing Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6. California passed a law in 2023 requiring similar warnings.
Blue 1 (Brilliant Blue) and Blue 2 (Indigo Carmine) are used in candies, beverages, and baked goods. While approved by the FDA, they offer zero nutritional value and exist solely for cosmetic purposes.
Emulsifiers
Carrageenan, derived from red seaweed, is used as a thickener in plant-based milks and ice cream. Some animal studies suggest it may cause gastrointestinal inflammation, though human evidence remains limited. The EU restricts its use in infant formula.
The GRAS Loophole
Under current FDA rules, manufacturers can self-certify ingredients as "Generally Recognized as Safe" without FDA review. This means thousands of additives have never been independently tested for safety. Being informed about what's in your food is your best defense.
You Scan analyzes every ingredient against a science-based database so you can make informed decisions in seconds.